As of 1982, pennies have been made of mostly zinc, with a thin copper layer on the outside. Single replacement reactions have the general form. If zinc completely reacts with hcl, then the theoretical yield of copper should be equivalent to the actual yield. Fastpaced high school chemistry morning session afternoon. The reactivity of a substance depends on its ability to gain or lose electrons. Before 1982, pennies contained about 95% copper and 5% zinc. We will plot the class data, constantly updating the plot as it is added. The number of water drops that can fit on a penny will surprise you. During the lab, each participant was given drop bottles, spot plates. Single replacement reactions and batteries experiment.
First, you need pennies that are dated after 1982, muriatic acid, a plastic container, and sandpaper. Surface tension refers to waters ability to stick to itself. You can also give the students a chance to try this demo again after they have completed the penny lab. B, single replacement, synthesis looking for lessons about search for.
Matter and change vii how to use this laboratory manual chemistry is the science of matter, its properties, and changes. The percent copper and zinc in a post 1982 penny is 97. Data table 1 trial mass of 10 pennies made before 1982 mass of 10 pennies made after 1982 1 123. That single compound is indicated with the letters. Sample traditional lab report density of pennies hypothesis based on the instructions provided the density of pennies made before 1982 will be greater than the density of pennies made after 1982. Fold a paper towel or cotton pad to fit the bottom of your container with a lid. A single lecture illustrating the band structure of solids donald a.
The balanced reaction between zinc and sulfuric acid is below. Oxidation involves the gain of electrons of hydrogen or the loss of oxygen or decrease in oxidation state. Cut 3 circles of paper towel about the same diameter or slightly larger than the coins. How to hollow out a penny science experiments wonderhowto. Figure 1 exposing zinc in a penny a zinc penny should be cut as shown to ensure a rapid and complete reaction with sulfuric acid. University, and founded one of the first centers for chemical research in the united states. Be sure to always use the same penny, same side, and same eye dropper. The drop bottles contained different compounds which were dropped into the spot plates and mixed together. In step 9, a single replacement reaction occurred between zinc and sulfuric acid, producing zinc sulfate and hydrogen gas. The zinc which was already silver coated the penny.
Oxidation reactions are also thought to be partly responsible for the aging of the human body. Single replacement reactions we use an activity series to predict if they will. Chemistry, physical science balancing equations, chemical reactions, decomposition, double replacement, msps11, msps12, msps15, ps1. Refer to example exercise i and calculate the percentage of a copper metal and b zinc. A single displacement reaction, also known as a single replacement reaction, is a type of chemical reaction where an element reacts with a compound and takes the place of another element in that. Jun 27, 2019 a single displacement reaction is a chemical reaction where one reactant is exchanged for one ion of a second reactant. Single replacement reactions and precipitation activity worksheet oxidation reduction discussion. This will most often occur if a is more reactive than b, thus giving a more stable product. Background the rusting of iron and the combustion of gasoline are common examples of oxidationreduction reactions, often abbreviated redox reactions. Single replacement reactions are reactions in which an element in pure form competes for a place with an ion or atom in a compound. Single displacement reactions lab explained schoolworkhelper. Introduction to reaction types lab notebook record observations for all of the chemical reactions carried out during the lab in your lab book.
In fact, you can put a penny and a nickel in half of a grapefruit and you now have a battery. Graduated cylinder water balance pennies background. Classify each reaction as a single replacement, double replacement, andor oxidationreduction reaction. Obviously, an industrial battery is more sophisticated than a grapefruit battery. The word, single is used because there is only a single compound that is affected by the replacement. Determination of % composition of pennies using redox and double displacement precipitation reactions introduction.
Please consult your current flinn scientific catalogreference manual for general guidelines and. Percentages of copper and zinc in a penny 11 determination of avogadros number 125. Single replacement reactions are also called single displacement reactions. You will then create a mini activity series and write the equations for the. Calculate the percentages of copper and zinc in the penny. You can repeat this experiment replacing the white vinegar with red vinegar or lemon juice. Fastpaced high school chemistry morning session afternoon session evening session. We were also testing to see what materials the pennies in 2006 are now composed of. Single replacement reactions will occur spontaneously in one direction only compare equations 1 and 2. A single displacement reaction is a chemical reaction where one reactant is exchanged for one ion of a second reactant. Wear goggles and aprons 3m hcl is corrosive avoid skin contact procedure. From 1864 until 1983, the usual composition of a penny its actual name is cent was 95%.
Single replacement and activity series practice ws. In this experiment, you will use a penny to generate hydrogen gas and then perform percentage composition after making several measurements. We were informed before our experiment of the many changes the composition of the penny has gone through over the years. Penny lab report chem 125 penny lab report purpose and. In step 7, a double replacement reaction took place between copper ii oxide and sulfuric acid, forming copper sulfate and water. A singlereplacement chemical reaction is one in which one substance from a compound is replaced by another substance. The purpose of this experiment was to find if the composition of a post1962 penny has remained constant throughout the years. Mass percent, mole fraction, single replacement reaction. Soak the paper towel pieces in a beaker containing 20 ml of a 1m sodium. Surface tension can be measured and observed by dropping water drop by drop onto a penny. The reaction of aluminum with copper ii chloride equation 1 is classified as a single replacement reaction aluminum reacts with and replaces copper ions in copper ii chloride. Postlab questions use a separate sheet of paper to answer the following questions. In spite of the ever increasing importance of solidstate chem.
Penny sandwiches this activity extends over a much longer time period than the usual challenge. Do this on two pennies, then place them in the plastic container. Determine the densities of pennies which date from 1983 and later and of pennies from 1981 and earlier. How many grams of zinc are required to react with 42. Apr 03, 2008 with a single replacement just take the two metals ans switch them based of your reactivity series. First, rub the edge of the penny on sandpaper until the silver color is exposed. Write a balanced chemical equation for each reaction in parts ad. Takehome challenge penny sandwiches terrific science. Singledisplacement reaction definition and examples. This is one type of oxidationreduction reaction, or redox reaction, because it occurs via a transfer of electrons. Single replacement reactions reminder goggles must be worn at all times in the lab. To observe a single replacement reaction to determine the cost of making a penny safety. To do this, you will take advantage of the activity series of metals, and perform a single replacement reaction on the penny. Experiment 2 statistical analysis of pennies are all pennies.
In this lab, students will use a penny to demonstrate a single replacement lab. Record the date of a pre1982 penny and a post 1982 penny. That single compound is indicated with the letters bc. A singledisplacement reaction, also known as a singlereplacement reaction, is a chemical reaction in which one or more element s replaces another element s in a compound. Concepts oxidationreduction reaction redox, single replacement reaction expected student responses to exploration step 1 a bubbles should be visible in both containers. Zinc metal reacts with chromiumiii nitrate in a single replacement reaction. Use sandpaper to remove a thin layer of copper around the rim of the penny make sure that.
Using an eyedropper, place drops of water one at a time onto the surface of the penny. I did a chemistry lab in which i heated copper pennies in sodium hydroxide solution changed the copper to silver, then heated it on hot plate changed the silver to gold. In the above single replacement reactions, the more active metal gave its electrons directly to the ion of a different metal. You will then create a mini activity series and write the equations for the potential single replacement reactions. In this lab, double replacement reactions between compounds were done in order to determine the equation and description of a new substance. Record the mass and year of each penny in your lab notebook. A good battery maintenance program may prevent, or at least, reduce the. A more active metal tends to lose electrons more readily than a less active metal. Use metal shears to cut the coin as shown in figure 1. Two observe two different single displacement reactions. Using a triangular file make two scratches on the surface of the top and bottom portions.
When you are finished, enter the mass and year data set into the excel spreadsheet on the laptop computer in lab. Use single replacement reactions to create voltage make a battery the twocompartment electrochemical cell. Add one piece of aluminum foil to each of the cups. Stoichiometry using copper lab ap chemistry krebs 201220. Write down a step by step procedure, and then do your experiment. A singledisplacement reaction, is a chemical reaction in which one or more elements replaces another elements in a compound. Different metals hydrogens behavior as a cation renders it as a metal here, in which. Mar 31, 2011 i did a chemistry lab in which i heated copper pennies in sodium hydroxide solution changed the copper to silver, then heated it on hot plate changed the silver to gold.
In your classroom work in chemistry, you will learn a great deal of the information that has been gathered by scientists about matter. Place an evaporating dish under a hood, with approximately 5 g of zinc. Accurately weigh the penny on a balance, and record the mass. The reactivity of a substance depends on its ability to gain or lose electrons, more active metals lose electrons more readily. Copper penny lab please help me answer this question. A single replacement chemical reaction is one in which one substance from a compound is replaced by another substance. Chemistry in society cty course syllabus day concepts. This lab includes pre and post lab questions that not only focus on chemical reactions, but the historical and economic point of view of the penny and why it is no longer pure copper.
Nonetheless, a battery, to work the way it is supposed to work must be maintained properly. Write down at least 3 sentences of background information. Observe the center of each penny through one of the notches. One type of single replacement reaction is the replacement of hydrogen in acids by active metals, producing. The objective in this experiment is to recover all of the copper you begin with in analytically pure form. Although since 1983, pennies are actually made of zinc surrounded by a paper thin copper foil. Put 20 drops of nitrate solution into a test tube, and add a small piece of copper. Do not tell students before the lab what to expect. Put one penny on the wet pad and cover with the lid. Measure and record the thickness using the digital calipers and the mass centigram balance for each penny. Reactions of copper and percent yield page 1 of 8 the objective in this experiment is to recover all of the copper you begin with in analytically pure form. A comparison of pennys before 1982 and after 1982 and the reaction in hcl muriatic acid song. Experiment 2 statistical analysis of pennies are all. In this lab, you will determine the % zinc in a penny.
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